Paraphrasing　(16th paragraph)

Text

The study also points out that the effects of the Southern enlargement of the EU in the 1 980s (the accession of Greece, Spain, and Portugal to the then EU-9), can be a useful benchmark for estimating the effects of the future enlargement on the EU, since some important similarities exist between these enlargements; in particular, the size in terms of population and GDP of the candidates vis-à-vis the EU. Indeed, the simulation results from the current study largely mirror the results of previous analyses showing a relatively small effect of the Southern enlargement on the EU, primarily reflecting the large size of the EU in relation to the candidates.

The main idea of the paragraph

The EU study points out that, if the candidate countries have a small population and a small economy, they will produce a small effect on the EU after the accession.

盟的研究指出，如果申请国的人口和经济都比较小，在入盟后对欧盟的影响也会比较小。

句子分析

The study also points out that effects of the Southern enlargement of the EU in the 1980s (the accession of Greece, Spain, and Portugal to the then EU-9), can be a useful benchmark for estimating the effects of the future enlargement on the EU, since some important similarities exist between these enlargements; in particular, the size in terms of population and GDP of the candidates vis-à-vis the EU.

在此句中

　　1）The study also points out是主句

　　2）that effects … the candidates vis-à-vis the EU是宾语从句，作主句中谓语动词“points out”的宾语，其中

　　effects of the Southern enlargement of the EU in the 1980s (the accession of Greece, Spain, and Portugal to the then EU-9), can be a useful benchmark for estimating the effects of the future enlargement on the EU是主要部分，

　　①名词“effects”作主语

　　②介词短语“of the Southern enlargement of the EU in the 1980s”修饰“effects”

　　③名词短语“the accession of Greece, Spain, and Portugal to the then EU-9”作“Southern enlargement”的同位语，对其进行说明

　　④谓语动词“can be a useful benchmark”是个系表结构

　　⑤介词短语“for estimating the effects of the future enlargement on the EU”作定语，修饰名词表语“benchmark”

　　⑥since some important similarities exist between these enlargements; in particular, (in) the size in terms of population and GDP of the candidates vis-à-vis the EU 是原因状语从句，修饰谓语动词“can be a useful benchmark”；其中的“(in) the size in terms of population and GDP of the candidates vis-à-vis the EU”作定语，修饰“similarities”