Resources
Special Terms |
| anti-globalization | 反全球化 |
| trade barrier | 贸易壁垒 |
| a trade barrier-free zone | 无贸易壁垒地区 |
| flow of goods and capital | 货物及资本的流动 |
| import substitution | 进口代替 |
| mercantilist assumptions | 商业主义者的观点 |
| dispute settlement process | 解决争端进程 |
| Quebec Trade Summit (Summit of the Americas) | The Summit was held in Quebec City from April 20 to 22, 2001. Leaders of the 34 Western Hemisphere democracies concluded the third Summit of the Americas in Quebec City April 22 with a declaration calling on the Summit countries to adhere to democracy and to conclude negotiations on a Free Trade Area of the Americas by 2005. 魁北克贸易高峰会 |
| la capitale mondiale du gaz lacrimogène | （法语）世界催泪瓦斯之都 |
| fringe groups | 极端组织 fringe 指"见解偏激的人"， the fringe 指"极端分子"， on the fringe left 指"站在极左立场上的"。 |
| papier-maché | 混凝纸浆 |
| OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Developent) | Pails-based organization of industrialized countries responsible for the study of and co-operation on broad range of economic, trade, scientific and educational issue. 经济合作与发展组织 |
| Diversion and Appeasement | A policy or strategy of diversion and appeasement: diverting attention away from opening the domestic market by focusing on exports and foreign policy goals, and appeasing protectionists at home with "fair trade" policies in the hope of preventing even worse import barriers. |
| Atlantic alliance | The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington on April 4, 1949, creating an alliance of 12 independent nations committed to each other’s defence. Four more 12, 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland were welcomed into the Alliance, which now numbers 19 members. |
| mercantilist assumption (mercantilism) | The theory and system of political economy prevailing in Europe after the decline of feudalism, based on national policies of accumulating bullion, establishing colonies and a merchant marine, and developing industry and mining to attain a favorable balance of trade. 商业主义思想 |
| Adam Smith | Scottish social philosopher and political economist. In 1776, Smith published An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations(《国民财富的性质和原因的研究》), the first comprehensive system of political economy. In it he argued in favor of an economic system based on individual self-interest that would be led, as if by an "invisible hand", to achieve the greatest good for all, and posited the division of labor as the chief factor in economic growth. A reaction to the system of mercantilism then current, it stands as the beginning of classical economics. 亚当·斯密（1723—1790） |
| Common Agricultural Policy(CAP) | The common agricultural policy is a matter reserved exclusively for the Community Under Article 33 of the EC Treaty (former Article 39), its aims are to ensure reasonable prices for Europe’s consumers and fair incomes for farmers, in particular by establishing common agricultural market organizations and by applying the principles of single prices, financial solidarity and Community preference. 共同农业政策 |
| anti-dumping duties | Tariff levied on dumped imports. The threat of an anti-dumping duty can deter imports, even when it has not been used, and anti-dumping is therefore a form of nontariff barrier. 反倾销税 |
| The St. Lawrence River | One of the largest rivers in North America, was explored between 1535 and 1541 by French explorer Jacques Cartier, in southern Quebec and southeastern Ontario, Canada. It flows northeast out of Lake Ontario into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and is about 760 mi (1,225 km) long. It passes through the Thousand Islands and for about 120 mi (195 km) forms the boundary between New York and Ontario. Entering Quebec, it widens into Lake St. Francis, then flows past Montreal island. Below Quebec City it widens to 90 mi (145 km) at its mouth in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Major tributaries include the Ottawa, Saguenay, Richelieu, and Manicouagan rivers, all in Canada. It links the Atlantic Ocean with the Great Lakes through the Saint Lawrence Seaway.圣劳伦斯河 |
| cold war | The open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and the? Soviet Union and their respective allies. The Cold War was waged on political, economic, and propaganda fronts and had only limited recourse to weapons. The term was first used by the American financier and presidential adviser Bernard Baruch during a congressional debate in 1947. The Cold War began to break down in the late 1980s during the administration of Soviet leader Mikhail S. Gorbachev. He dismantled the totalitarian aspects of the Soviet system and began efforts to democratize the Soviet political system. When communist regimes in the Soviet-bloc countries of eastern Europe collapsed in 1989–90, Gorbachev acquiesced (默许) in their fall. The rise to power of democratic governments in East Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia was quickly followed by the unification of West and East Germany under NATO auspices, again with Soviet approval. Gorbachev's internal reforms had meanwhile weakened his own Communist Party and allowed power to shift to Russia and the other constituent republics of the Soviet Union. In late 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed and 15 newly independent nations were born from its corpse, including a Russia with a democratically elected, anticommunist leader. The Cold War had come to an end. 冷战 |
| mercantilist assumption | a basic mercantilist assumption, that is, exports are good, imports are bad, and emphasis was thus placed on the promotion of exports and of the related economic interests. Or, a mercantilist assumption that one country's trade gains were another's losses. 重商主义的观点 |